The Effects of Harmonics:
Harmonics do not only affect the
waveforms of the loads but also
cause negative effects on the
elements of the power system. They
can cause additional losses in
motors, generators, transformers,
capacitors, and they can cause
damage or failure of these elements.
Due to the formation of oscillations
in synchronous and asynchronous
motors, overheating and additional
noises are formed.
Due to the additional losses and
increased voltage drop, the
efficiency in power generation,
transmission and distribution will
be reduced. In addition, due to the
harmonics, there will be different
frequency components outside the
basic frequency in the system, so
the probability of occurrence of
resonance event will increase. High
current and voltages that may occur
as a result of resonance will
seriously damage the elements and
loads connected to the grid.
The capacitors in the compensation
groups designed for the basic
frequency of the network are damaged
by pulling over current due to their
low resistance in the harmonic
frequencies. Precision electronic
components such as microprocessors
work incorrectly, causing
malfunctions in the control systems.
Noise and noise are seen in audio
and video communication devices.
They have a direct effect on human
health by causing vibration in
lighting elements and monitors. It
is also effective in the increase of
iron losses in the fluorescent lamps
with the noise that the ear can
hear. Harmonics also cause
malfunctions of protective equipment
and shorten the life of the devices.
Several standards have been
established to reduce these harmful
effects. Limiting the harmonics to
the standards is extremely important
for reducing the additional losses
in the system, working at the full
capacity of the devices used, and
for eliminating the stresses and
faults that may occur.
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